Chemistry and Technology of Printing and Imaging Systems

::Setting the scene: P. GREGORY; From maturity to mayhem; The ubiquitous silicon chip; The environment; Themes and focii; References @ ::Traditional impact printing: T.S. JEWITT; Introduction; A brief history of printing; Printing technologies@ Relief printing; Letterpress; Flexography; Intaglio printing; Planographic printing @ :The offset printing press@ Image quality; The image on the plate; The offset blanket; Fount solution @ :Lithographic inks@ Cold-set web-offset inks; Heat-set web-offset inks; Sheet-fed lithographic inks @ :The printing industry; Applications of the printing processes@ Letterpress; Flexography; Gravure; Screenprinting; Lithography; Web offset @ :Commercial aspects of the British printing industry; Electronic imaging@ Scanning; Output; Proofing Digital platemaking; Digital printing @ :Printing and the environment; References and further reading @ ::Silver halide photography: P. BERGTHALLER; History and evolution of photographic imaging systems@ Photography in black-and-white; Concepts of photography in colour: the steps of the pioneers; Silver halide photography today: the market @ :The physical basis of silver halide photography@ A brief look at the elementary processes in the silver halide crystal; The photographic emulsion; Photographic development; Detail rendition; Development and colour: subtractive colour photography vs. additive colour photography @ :Photographic materials@ Film; Printing media @ :The chemical constituents of photographic media@ Emulsion ingredients and additives; Developers and processing chemistry; Colour couplers and special-purpose couplers; The chemistry of the silver-dye-bleach process; The chemistry of dye diffusion systems @ :Photographic quality; Future of photographic media@ Frontiers of the technically feasible; Remote sensing and recording; Digital storage of photographic images: a powerful tool for information management and archiving; The merging of technologies: hybrid media and digital imaging; The merging of uses (communication and entertainment); Ecological challenges of photographic processing; The advanced photo system @ :References @ ::Electrophotography: R.S. GAIRNS; Introduction; The technology of xerography@ Charging; Exposure; Image enhancement; Development; Fixing and cleaning @ :Consumables@ Photoconductors; Charge-generation materials (CGMs); Charge-transport materials (CTMs); Developer @ :Advantages of electrophotography; Limitations of electrophotography; Competition; Synergy@ Photoactive pigment electrophoresis (PAPE); Electrography and ionography; Lithography; TonerJet @ :Uses of electrophotography; Toxicology and the environment; Future; References @ ::Ink jet printing: R.W. KENYON; Introduction; Ink jet technology@ Continuous ink jet; Drop-on-demand ink jet @ :Ink jet inks@ General features; Aqueous inks; Solvent inks; Hot-melt inks @ :Ink jet colorants@ Black dyes (first generation); Colour dyes (first generation) @ :Second-generation colorants; Phase-change colorants; Colorants for industrial ink jet printers; Ink jet ink/colorant research; Advantages/limitations of ink jet; Uses of ink jet printers@ Office segment; Industrial segment; Colour filters for LCDs (Liquid crystal displays); Ink jet printing of textiles @ :Toxicology and the environment; Future of ink jet; References @ ::Thermal printing: R. BRADBURY; Introduction; Direct thermal printing@ Colour formers; Developers; Sensitisers; Multicolour thermal paper; Direct thermal markets @ :Mead Cycolor process@ Photoinitiators @ :Dye-diffusion thermal transfer (D2T2)@ Dye sheet (dye donor sheet); Receiver sheet; Dye-diffusion thermal-transfer dyes; D2T2 market @ :Thermal-melt transfer@ Dyesheet; Melt-transfer colorants; Receiver sheets; Printing; Thermal melt-transfer market @ :References @ ::Optical data-storage (ODS) systems: P.A. HUNT; Introduction; Principles of operational functionality@ Read-only memory (ROM); Erasable versus write-once; Physical and chemical requirements @ :System options@ Metallic ablative (WORM); Metallic phase-change (WORM and erasable); Dye-polymer ablative (WORM); Photochromic dye (erasable); Liquid crystals (WORM and erasable); Metallic interference (WORM) @ :Technical performance features of ODS systems@ Performance advantages of ODS systems; Performance limitations in ODS systems @ :Commercial performance features; Comparison with alternative technologies@ Magnetic media; Magneto-optical (MO) media @ :Related technologies; Applications of ODS; Toxicology and environmental considerations; The future; References @ ::Electrostatic, ionographic, magnetographic and embryonic printing technologies: P. GREGORY; Introduction; Electrographic printing; lonographic printing; Magnetographic printing; Embryonic printing technologies@ High-resolution dry-processing film (VerdeFilm); Toner fusion xeroprinting; TonerJet @ :Future prospects; References @ ::The future: P. GREGORY; Introduction; Short-term predictions@ Traditional printing and imaging; Non-impact printing and imaging @ :Longer-term predictions@ Evolutionary developments; Revolutionary developments @ :Conclusion; References